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Notes for COW JOHN JOHN SIMPSON CHISUM: John Simpson CHISUM was never married.
John Simpson CHISUM, the reputed "cattle king of America" for a
number of years, and who was involved in the "Lincoln County Wars" in New
Mexico in 1878-79.
John never married, but it has been said that
he had three children by Jensie, a Negro slave. Her children were:
Phil Harriett, b.1855 Meady b. 1857, d. 1949, m. John D. Jones
in 1875 and they had children: Emory Jinks Eugie who m. a
Thomas.
I have been told by (Marilyn Lynch) that none of the
evidence points to John being the father of Jensie's children, though her
descendants graciously claim him. According to legend John left Jensie in
Bonham in the 1860' s when he moved to Concho. Jensie's descendants lived
in or near Ft . Worth, TX and were tracked down by Mrs. Clarke for
inclusion in the John Chisum book.(Source Marilyn Lynch, Sayer, OK.
It is difficult to write about Cow John considering the numerous
publications already done and the movie " CHISUM' which starred John
Wayne. Marilyn relates she will try to hit the high points only in the
following narrative:
From Wright Press of Paris, TX is"John
Chisum" by Mary W. Clarke. Critiqued as "not the perfect book on Cow John
but a good overview based on what others have written." In 1986 Dr.
Harwood Hinton of the University of Arizona, said to be the supreme expert
on these lines, was working on a book that should be the best book on Cow
John Chisum. Skipper Steely will be covering Chisums in an upcoming book.
John spent the first thirteen years of his life on his
grandfather's plantation in Hardeman Co., TN. Then he came to Lamar Co.,
TX with his family in 1835.
The Lois Horton book reports that
John undertook his first business venture while the family lived on Mud
Creek. He hauled water from the stream and sold it in the town of Paris.
"The Chisholm Trail and Other Routes" says John ran for county clerk of
Lamar Co. when he was about twenty-eight years old. He was defeated, but
ran a second time two years later and was elected.
The Horton Book
continued: "In 1854 he resigned his post as county clerk of Lamar Co. and
entered the cattle business with S. K. Fowler. With ranch headquarters in
Denton Co., TX the partnership prospered under Chisum's management on a
ten year profit sharing contract and became the largest cattle outfit in
that part of Texas prior to the Civil War." It would be presumed that John
had heard of the fertile cattle country from his father Claiborne who
fought there in 1841.
The ranch was located on Clear Creek, west
of Buck Creek, in the northeast part of Denton Co. about two miles south
of the Cooke Co., T X line and about six miles east of the line of
West Co.
Insert by Marilyn Lynch: (see Charlotte Chisum section
for a letter Cow John wrote concerning the difficulties he encountered in
Denton Co.)
A section of an unknown and apparently quite old book
(perhaps written in the 1930's) was passed on to Marilyn Lynch. Chapter 7
is "John Simpson and His Kin." "He died on Dec 22, 1884 with a chronic
malignant disease of the throat and is buried in Paris, Texas, beside his
father. He was an Odd Fellow and was buried according to their rituals and
a monument was erected." At the time of the writing of this the author
said a railroad had been built, running near the hillock on which Cow John
and his parents are buried.
Cow John had a ranch about three miles
northwest of Bolivar in Denton Co., TX which he began in 1854 he moved to
Concho Co., TX on the Concho River. "In Dec. 1866, he took his first herd
of cattle across the Pecos at Horsehead Crossing and wintered within six
miles of Charles Goodnight during the winters of 1866 and 1867 and he and
Goodnight had a co-operative arrangement for six years.
The
Goodnight he speaks of is the famous cattleman of the Texas Panhandle.
At the Bolivar ranch John Chisum had unique methods of handling
cattle. During the Civil War he had an arrangement with the Confederate
Government, to deliver cattle to Shreveport and other places where they
might need them. He himself was a homeguard and his cowboys ranged from
Fort Worth to the Red River; they were always well armed and helped to
protect the white settlers from the Indians.
"The Chisholm Trail
and Other Routes" speaks of Bolivar ranch: "..the ranch house is on the
crest of a hill and the terrain slopes gently to the west, south and east.
The long ridge falls gently to the south and from the ranch house a
watcher could spot a redskin half a mile away. Its location was a natural
defence against the Indians. Grass was free and all John Chisum needed was
enough land for house, garden and feed stuff for a few horses for ready
use, water was a necessity and well diggers were few. Finally, he found a
man that was anxious to make a trip overland to California. Chisum offered
to pay his way over the Overland Trail if he would dig all the wells; the
offer was accepted.
John Chisum ruled as an overlord with his
retainers. The cattle multiplied, grass was rank and water was fine and
there were no rivals. Water and grass were free as the air. There were no
fences and few neighbors and each ranch was a feudal manor.
Nineteen years earlier in 1841, John B. Denton, the Captain who
had led John's father Claiborne against the Indians and was killed during
a battle, had been wrapped in a blanket and placed in a coffin less grave
by his men in the southwest part of the present county. When Cow John's
cowboys found this grave, John sent for his uncle Ben Bourland. They
excavated the body and moved it to the Chisum ranch where it rested until
1901 when the remains were moved to the public square in Denton. Thus a
father was witness to the first burial, his son to the second and the
third burial surely had at least one Chisum in attendance since it was
performed by a committee of pioneers.
" John Chisum drove herds to
Shreveport and Little Rock. In going to Little Rock he crossed the Red
River northwest of Sherman into Indian Territory and traveled the Red
River parallel until he reached Arkansas."
John Chisum was not the
founder of the old Chisholm trail which ran through Indian Territory into
Kansas. The founder of that trail was Jesse Chisholm, the son of Ignatius
Chisholm and a Cherokee maid (Rogers) and is not related to the Chisums we
have here.
"The Chisholm Trail and Other Routes continues: " John
Chisum's cowboys were about the best and most effective defense squadron
that could be called upon in time of danger. Each cowboy was armed with
his rifle, six shooter, plenty of ammunition, and could ride like a
centaur. Above all, he knew Indians better than the Indians knew
themselves...was in itself a frontier battalion that kept the settlers
protected to the east of that line that ran from Gainesville to Fort
Worth.
While there was no marked trail from Bolivar to Shreveport,
John Chisum followed the well-watered, well-grassed route through the
counties of Denton, Grayson, Collin, Hunt, Fannin, Upshur, etc. into
Mansfield, Shreveport and other headquarters.
There were few
trading posts near Bolivar, and John S. Chisum was forced to keep supplies
on hand for a large force of cowboys and all their needs...forced to
maintain and keep at his ranch a rather full supply incident to a frontier
store....John Chisum had two accomplishments that are little known. He was
a good fiddler and a good shoemaker."
The Hinton book reads:' In
1873 he moved to his ranch and located at South Springs, five miles south
of Roswell, NM and it was here he became the Cattle King of the Southwest
with a territory that reached from the Texas line to the mountains of Old
Lincoln. Here he reigned as a feudal lord . He was forced, for protection,
to employ many fighting men and in the year 1878 was dragged into the
Lincoln County War...On the Concho the cattle had a small state to over
which to range and in New Mexico he had a territory of over one Hundred
miles square and it was truthfully said that his cattle grazed on a
thousand hills. In the West he was known as "Honorable John Chisum," but
the plow and the rail road and the oncoming small ranchers all forced the
grazing territory into private ownership.
John Chisum took his
brothers, Pitser, James and Jefferson into new Mexico with him, settling
in 1873 near Roswell, NM
Sally the daughter of James, made the
trip in the early seventies via San Angelo, Horsehead Crossing and up the
Pecos River to keep house for Uncle John."
The following is from a
book written by Lillie Casey, whose guardian was James Chisum. Her father
apparently a close friend of Cow John's and he took her and her mother
under his wing, signing a quit claim deed over to her for some land
bordering his South Spring River Ranch in eastern New Mexico.
Marilyn Lynch, received this as a chapter of a book, but without a
title page.
"Uncle John was a great lover of flowers...Roses were
his especial favorites and he had literally hundreds of them...About
twenty feet east of the main house (called The Long House) was a camp
house for the cowboys and about fifty feet south of this was a large
single-room building that might be used for any purpose the occasion might
require. Its chief use when I knew the place was as a dance hall...Uncle
John and Uncle Pitzer were both good fiddlers."
There was an
irrigation ditch running near the house. "Solid ground was left in the
middle of one for an island, to which Uncle Pitzer , for some reason, gave
the Biblical name of the Isle of Patmos. It was on this island that the
three Chisum brothers planted three weeping willow trees...Each tree was
named for one of the brothers, and their being together was a symbol of
brotherly feeling for one another. It was a similar feeling which grew so
united that they finally grew together."
"The Chisholm Trail and
Other Routes" goes into some detail on Cow John's partnership with Charles
Goodnight. "The agreement lasted for three years...The result of which was
that the Chisum cattle territory covered a strip fifty miles wide west and
east and 180 miles long, making a territory larger than the state of New
Jersey..In 1873 John S. Chisum moved his ranch to South Spring on the
Pecos River, about five miles southeast of the present town of Roswell,
NM. (previously he headquartered for six years at Bosque Grande, about
forty miles from the town of Lincoln.) The ranch reached the dignity of a
feudal estate. Here he built a rather spacious ranch house, planted shade
and fruit trees. It was a combination of an English manor and a Spanish
hacienda...Some of Chisum's cowboys had been trained on three ranches, the
one near Bolivar in Denton Co., TX the Conch o Ranch and the ranch at
Bosque Grande. Each ranch was located in the Indian country, and on
the front line of the frontier. Indians were always a menace.
The
Chisum brand was the "rail," a streak from shoulder to thigh, one deemed
impossible to alter. Instead of notching the dewlap of the ear, John split
the ear itself, causing a portion to dangle. This they called a
"Jinglebob."
It is said Cow John referred to himself as Jinglebob
John and Boss of the Jinglebob.
"The Chisholm Trail and Other
Routes" states: " Men with small herds of cattle, nesters, had entered
into New Mexico and settled in the Chisum Territory, mostly west of the
Pecos River. Grass and water were free...The small cattlemen claimed that
Chisum was trying to crowd them out and the Chisum men claimed that the
small herds were mavericking his cattle. The killing of the Englishman,
Tunstall in Feb . 1878 was the powder magazine that started the Lincoln
County War . The indications are still that Chisum acted on the defensive
throughout. While his cowboys were armed and ready for battle, his was
largely a campaign of defense. He was not the leader of the faction, but
was an ally of the McSween faction. The Lincoln County War ran its course.
Billy the Kid was finally slain by Pat Garrett in Fort Sumner, New Mexico
on July 14,1881."
The Horton book says of New Mexico, "New
settlers arrived who wanted to farm and fence off their lands. The
cattlemen who had leased some of the land and used the other land free
were angered at this, settlers and their fences, but the farmers were
determined as the the cattlemen that they were going to remain in that
area. Both sides hired guns. Cow John...hired Billy the Kid whose real
name was William H. Bonney, born in New York City in 1859 . Billy the Kid
was a cruel cattle thief, who boasted of twenty killings before he was
twenty years old. Belated Cow John realized his mistake in hiring him and
he enlisted the aid of Sheriff Pat Garrett to help fire him. Billy called
on his Mexican sweetheart, and was leaving when Sheriff Garrett and Cow
John waylaid and killed him.
It is difficult to judge by today's
standards what truly happened in the Lincoln County War. Apparently the
only land John actually owned was the Bolivar Ranch in Denton Co.,TX and
the ranch grounds in New Mexico..The Concho Co. Ranch where he stayed for
three years and the Bosque Grande ranch on the Pecos River near Roswell
were based mostly on the doctrine of free grass and free range. Legally,
only the home range was titled,the other land was not his.
Billy
the Kid. whose reputation was well known at the time. But the times were
also different and Cow John was a self-made man and a strong survivor.
The Casey book takes the following view:' ..the difficulties and
persecutions he underwent in New Mexico at the hands of those who were
jealous or envious of his prosperity and who used their power and
influence to drag this cattle king of the Pecos Valley from his throne..."
John stayed on at South Springs until the summer of 1884. He had a
large growth on his neck. Lillie Casey wrote:'He suffered no pain, but the
growth was so large and uncomfortable on the left side of his neck that he
had to let his right shoulder sag down and incline his head that way . He
suffered more from it in his mind, because both his father and his
grandfather had died from the same trouble, and he was inclined to feel
sure his was to be a similar fate..."
He wrote the following
letter to his niece Sallie Robert, dated 30 Aug, 1884.
"Dear
Niece, I came here about the 16th instead, and on the 24th I had a
operation performed on my throat or jaw where the rising was on my jaw.
Some ten months ago this last spring it began to grow, but was not sore
but had a hard solid lump and it grew very fast and very large to one side
and was still growing very fast so I had it cut off . It was about the
size of a beef's kidney...and I can leave for home in a week.
Your
Paw and Willie had just left here before I got in, so I did not get to see
them. I was told he was going to Arizona, but I got a letter yesterday
from Anderson who came here with me. He went back home and he wrote me
from Jim Lains and said James was at Lain's branding cattle. From that I
suppose he has changed his notion and was going on the Pecos, but I only
judge from his being at Lain's. Robert is at the Ranch looking after
matters while I am gone. I regretted to leave home but compelled to have
this pet cut out. The doctors say if it had not been cut out it would have
killed me in about six months more. He says it was the enlargement of the
glands. My best wishes with regards to all, Yours as Ever, John S.
Chisum."
John did not return home. He made it only back as far as
Las Vegas , NM and had to return to Kansas City. From there he wrote what
was probably his last letter.
"Kansas City, Sept 18/24. Miss.
Lillie Casey. Mr Dear Lillie, I would have written you long ago but was so
weak and poorly and it gave me so much pain to write I would put it
off...It was a very delicate operation ...I came through all safe but was
very weak from loss of blood , have lost a water bucket full and was kept
under the influence of chloroform for one hour...I got to Las Vegas and by
that time another tumor had made its appearance and was growing very fast
and gave me great pain...doctor thought it best not to cut it out until he
could put my system in shape for another would not form...He says he cut
this without first cleansing the system...so I am taking medicine by the
wholesale and applying the battery twice a day but as yet no change in the
tumor. It is about as large as the one I had cut...I am not in good fix
for courting the girls as I cannot speak above a whisper...Don't write me
as I'm liable to go East. Yours as Ever, John S . Chisum."
John
traveled to Eureka Springs, AR to take a course of baths and treatments
that might prepare him for another operation. He sent for James to come
and stay with him. Lillie Casey wrote: " For a time he seemed to improve
at Eureka Springs but in the middle of December he grew rapidly worse. On
the 20th of Dec. he died, and in fulfillment of a promise, his body was
taken by his brother to Paris, TX and buried in the Chisum lot there on
Christmas Day, 1884." He was sixty years old at his death.
The
South Spring Ranch became the property of James Chisum and his children,
Mrs. Sallie Roberts and her son, Walter and William. The ranch holdings
were known at the Jinglebob Company. Pitzer Chisum had sold his share to
James at the time of his marriage.
At some point John had put
control of the property into the hands of his brother Pitzer by means of a
$ 100,000 note. Though Pitzer had sold a share to James and lived on a
share he retained, he still held the note at the time of Cow John's death.
A loan from M. J. Farris of Kentucky in the amount of $64,000 was
obtained for the running of the ranch. Lillie Casey said of this: "About
the same time Uncle Pitzer determined to return to Paris, TX. So he sold
out his place to the Jinglebob Company, and in addition, he holds to M. J.
Farris the $100,000 note of John Chisum. I do not know the amount Farris
paid him but I suppose it was a mere fraction of the face value...M. J.
Farris came into control of the situation by virtue of his bank's holding
an indebtedness of the Jinglebob Company for approximately $164,000 with
perhaps a considerable amount of interest..."
The ranch was lost
to the bank of Farris.
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